भक्तियोग
Bhakti Yog
Bhakti Yoga — The Yoga of Devotion
Chapter Summary
The twelfth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Bhakti Yoga. In this chapter, Krishna emphasizes the superiority of Bhakti Yoga (the path of devotion) over all other types of spiritual disciplines and reveals various aspects of devotion. He further explains that the devotees who perform pure devotional service to Him, with their consciousness, merged in Him and all their actions dedicated to Him, are quickly liberated from the cycle of life and death. He also describes the various qualities of the devotees who are very dear to Him.
भगवद गीता का बारहवां अध्याय भक्तियोग है। इस अध्याय में, कृष्ण भक्ति योग की श्रेष्ठता पर बल देते हैं और भक्ति के विभिन्न पहलुओं का वर्णन करते हैं। वे आगे बताते हैं कि वे भक्त जो अपने सभी कर्म उनको समर्पित करके, अपनी चेतना उनमें विलीन करके, सच्चे मन से उनकी भक्ति करते हैं वे बहुत जल्दी जीवन और मृत्यु के चक्र से मुक्ति पा लेते हैं। वे अपने सबसे प्रिय भक्तों के विभिन्न गुड़ों का भी वर्णन करते हैं।
All 20 Verses — श्लोक
एवं सततयुक्ता ये भक्तास्त्वां पर्युपासते |
Arjuna said Those devotees who, being thus ever dedicated, meditate on You, and those again (who meditate) on the Immutable, the Unmanifested-of them, who are the best experiencers of yoga [(Here) yoga means samadhi, spiritual absorption.] ?
मय्यावेश्य मनो ये मां नित्ययुक्ता उपासते |
The Blessed Lord said Those who meditate on Me by fixing their minds on Me with steadfast devotion (and) being endowed with supreme faith-they are considered to be the most perfect yogis according to Me.
सर्वत्रगमचिन्त्यञ्च कूटस्थमचलन्ध्रुवम् ||१२-३||
Swami Gambirananda did not comment on this sloka
ते प्राप्नुवन्ति मामेव सर्वभूतहिते रताः ||१२-४||
By fully controlling all the organs and always being even-minded, they, engaged in the welfare of all beings, attain Me alone.
अव्यक्ता हि गतिर्दुःखं देहवद्भिरवाप्यते ||१२-५||
For them who have their minds attached to the Unmanifested the struggle is greater; for, the Goal which is the Unmanifest is attained with difficulty by the embodied ones.
अनन्येनैव योगेन मां ध्यायन्त उपासते ||१२-६||
As for those who, having dedicated all actions to Me and accepted Me as the supreme, meditate by thinking of Me with single-minded concentration only-.
भवामि नचिरात्पार्थ मय्यावेशितचेतसाम् ||१२-७||
O son of Prtha, for them who have their minds absorbed in Me, I become, without delay, the Deliverer from the sea of the world which is fraught with death.
निवसिष्यसि मय्येव अत ऊर्ध्वं न संशयः ||१२-८||
Fix the mind on Me alone; in Me alone rest the intellect. There is no doubt that hereafter you will dwell in Me alone. [For the sake of metre, eva and atah (in the second line of the verse) are not joined together (to form evatah).]
अभ्यासयोगेन ततो मामिच्छाप्तुं धनञ्जय ||१२-९||
If, however, you are unable to establish the mind steadily on Me, then, O Dhananjaya, seek to attain Me through the Yoga of Practice.
मदर्थमपि कर्माणि कुर्वन्सिद्धिमवाप्स्यसि ||१२-१०||
If you are unable even to practise, be intent on works for Me. By undertaking works for Me as well, you will attain perfection. [Identity with Brahman.]
सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं ततः कुरु यतात्मवान् ||१२-११||
If you are unable to do even this, in that case, having resorted to the Yoga for Me, thereafter renounce the results of all works by becoming controlled in mind.
ध्यानात्कर्मफलत्यागस्त्यागाच्छान्तिरनन्तरम् ||१२-१२||
Knowledge is surely superior to practice; meditation surpasses knowledge. The renunciation of the results of works (excels) meditation. From renunciation, Peace follows immediately.
निर्ममो निरहङ्कारः समदुःखसुखः क्षमी ||१२-१३||
He who is not hateful towards any creature, who is friendly and compassionate, who has no idea of 'mine' and the idea of egoism, who is the same under sorrow and happiness, who is forgiving;
मय्यर्पितमनोबुद्धिर्यो मद्भक्तः स मे प्रियः ||१२-१४||
He who is ever content, who is a yogi, who has self-control, who has firm conviction, who has dedicated his mind and intellect to Me-he who is such a devotee of Mine is dear to Me.
हर्षामर्षभयोद्वेगैर्मुक्तो यः स च मे प्रियः ||१२-१५||
He, too, owing to whom the world is not disturbed, and who is not disturbed by the world, who is free from joy, impatience, fear and anxiety, is dear to Me.
सर्वारम्भपरित्यागी यो मद्भक्तः स मे प्रियः ||१२-१६||
He who has no desires, who is pure, who is dextrous, who is impartial, who is free from fear, who has renounced every undertaking-he who is (such) a devotee of Mine is dear to Me.
शुभाशुभपरित्यागी भक्तिमान्यः स मे प्रियः ||१२-१७||
He who does not rejoice, does not fret, does not lament, does not hanker; who gives up good and bad, who is filled with devotion-he is dear to Me.
शीतोष्णसुखदुःखेषु समः सङ्गविवर्जितः ||१२-१८||
Swami Gambirananda did not comment on this sloka
अनिकेतः स्थिरमतिर्भक्तिमान्मे प्रियो नरः ||१२-१९||
The person to whom denunciation and praise are the same, who is silent, content with anything, homeless, steady-minded, and full of devotion is dear to Me.
श्रद्दधाना मत्परमा भक्तास्तेऽतीव मे प्रियाः ||१२-२०||
But [Tu (but) is used to distinguish those who have attained the highest Goal from the aspirants.-Tr.] those devotees who accept Me as the supreme Goal, and with faith seek for this ambrosia [M.S.'s reading is dharmamrtam-nectar in the form of virtue. Virtue is called nectar because it leads to Immortality, or because it is sweet like nectar.] which is indistinguishable from the virtues as stated above, they are very dear to Me.